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Seeds of Interest Sown

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Posted on behalf of Balfour Blogger #2

Volunteering in the Orkney Archive, getting hooked by an invoice for seeds

In Autumn 2018, I started to help with the cataloguing of the Balfour papers. These are a collection deposited in the Orkney Library in 1962 and are legal papers, letters, financial records and estate records and material relating to the family of Balfour of Balfour [Shapinsay] and of Trenabie [Westray], 1547-1921. There are over 100 books - including letter books, account books, pay lists and muster rolls. There are also 54 boxes of bundles of letters, notes, invoices, receipts, etc. Each box has between 11 and 20 bundles of papers.

I am working on Box 24 which contains letters to John Balfour MP received in 1825 and invoices for a variety of years. Bundle 11 of Box 24 consists of invoices and receipts for the estate of Charlton Grove near Blackheath in Kent. These include, amongst other items, statutory Poor Rate Tax, building work, invoices for journeys to London, and the rent of the estate. My favourite in this bundle is D2/24/11/3/3a which is the invoice and receipt from 'Thomas Gibbs & Co., Nursery and Seedsmen to the Honorable[sic] Board of Agriculture', Corner of Half Moon Street, Piccadilly' for the year 1824. The total bill is for £16 and 5 shillings (£16 5/-). According to data from the Office for National Statistics, that is equivalent to about £1,444 in 2017 prices.

D2/24/11/3/3a page 1
The quantity and variety of the listing is astonishing. For example:

2 quarts of Magazan beans (cost 1 shilling). I had to look up what these are. It turns out they are the 'smallest and most delicate species of the Windsor bean.

Windsor beans, long pod beans, negro beans and liver coloured beans.

Varieties of peas include early Charlton, Prussian, blue imperial, and white Prussian

Included in the list is 2 quarts of Prickly Spinage[sic] and 2 quarts of round Spinage.

Then there is scorzonera which may refer to black salsify, especially as it is immediately next to salsify in the listing.

Onions (3 kinds including Deptford).

Herbs include knotted marjoram, sweet basil, curld[sic] parsley.

Cabbage varieties include early Battersea, early York and Cornish.

Broccoli, 7 varieties in all - white, Belvedere, early Cape, late Cape, sprouting, late Portsmouth and late Danish.

Apart from vegetables, there were '25 paper flower seeds' costing 12 shillings and sixpence (12/6), 12 pounds (lbs) of fine mixed grass seeds for lawn costing £1 and 16 shillings (£1 16/-); and a variety of sundries including 9 canvas bags (5/-) and 1 large hamper (2/6). The most expensive items are yew trees, 18 in all at a cost of £4 10/-.

D2/24/11/3/3a part of page 2
This is one year's invoice from Gibb's. There are several more from this company in Bundle 11. There is a large variety among the invoices. The building work is extensive, including the roof of a dairy. I could spend months on just this bundle, but I have 13 other bundles in this box. Of course, there are another 30 boxes to be completed, luckily not all by me.

Fairy Folklore

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The wonderful Ernest Walker Marwick collected many tales, superstitions, songs, rhymes and memories over the years. He was interested in everything and saw fit to record a local woman's recollection of seeing a fairy when she was three years old:




click to enlarge



He also spoke to film-maker Margaret Tait about fairy lore she had heard:



Click to enlarge






 

...and he collected the story of Mansie Ritch of Hoy's visit to fairyland:









Click to enlarge

It is interesting that two people described their fairy folk as being eighteen inches in height and dapperly dressed...also that fairies like potatoes.



Do any readers have some fairy folk recollections?



Information taken from Orkney Archive references: D31/1/1/25, D31/2/5 and D31/3/2










Great Tait

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There were many exhibitions on Margaret Tait's life and work at the end of last year to celebrate her centenary. We recently received the last archives back from an exhibition at GOMA and they are being unpacked and put back in their boxes, much to the relief of Dusty. (She is the archives' doting mother. If she could make them hot toddys and beat up their bullies, she would)


One of the items is a small photograph album with some rarely-seen images of Margaret as a young women; before she qualified as a doctor, before she began Ancona films with fellow students in Italy and before she became the first Scottish woman to direct a feature film.

Margaret and her brother Maxwell in 1921/2. She would have been about 3.











Age 18 in 1936.
Margaret as a slightly older child



In N. France with a friend, aged around 20.





Portrait, no date.





Looking glam in Dundee, 1940.




Blue Black Permanent was released in 1992 and was nominated for a Scottish Bafta for Best Film.

Orkney After the Armistice - January to June 1919

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The 14th (and final) instalment of our "Orkney at War" Exhibition series is now available to see in the Archive Public Searchroom under the new title of "Orkney After the Armistice - January to June 1919.
The display shows how Orkney and Orcadians were affected during the aftermath of the war and includes information about the German High Seas Fleet interned in Scapa Flow from November 1918 to the dramatic scuttling on 21st June 1919.
Items used are newspaper reports, town council minutes, photographs, school log books, and sections of books most of which were created at the time or just after.

Here are a few items from the main exhibition:

JANUARY

Extract from Rev. Dr. T Crouther Gordon's book Early Flying in Orkney - Seaplanes in World War 1:
"In the New Year's Honour's List of 1st January 1919, the Distinguished Flying Cross was awarded by HM King George V to Captain Macro, Lieutenant Guild and myself, and Lieutenant Sanderson got the Air Force Cross."
Dr T Crouther Gordon, pilot at Houton Seaplane Station, WW1

The Orcadian 2nd January 1919 p4

ZETLAND COUNTY COUNCIL AND NAVAL PERMITS
Reminder to Naval Authorities that War is Over
At the monthly meeting of the Zetland County Council, Mr Mouat said he was very glad to see that the Orkney papers had taken up the question of permits at Orkney. He thought this Council should take the necessary steps to have these restrictions removed at once. We have borne hardships and restrictions uncomplainingly, and they were now no longer required. There was still apparently no shortage of red tape.

He had travelled in the south and he was sure that no other county in Great Britain would have put up with the restrictions which had been placed on our travelling public. Passengers who were allowed to go about on the mainland freely could not be trusted to land at Kirkwall to have a meal ashore. The same hardships were imposed on soldiers and sailors who had been fighting for their country.

Last week, a month after the signing of the Armistice, he stepped onto the pier at Kirkwall in order to despatch some telegrams when a detective whistled on him. He replied that he would land and he did so and gave his telegrams to a gentleman to send off. He asked the detective if the naval authorities did not know that the war was over, but was told that the restrictions still applied. Mr Pottinger and he had just arranged to send a wire to the Admiralty requested them to inform the naval authorities at Kirkwall that the war was over and to allow passengers from Shetland to land, when a Customs official came on board and said a telegram had just been received stating that passengers coming and going to Shetland could land at Kirkwall.


FEBRUARY

The Orcadian 13th February 1919 page 5

THE MILITARY CROSS
A supplement of the London Gazette stated on February 1st, the award of the Military Cross is announced to Second Lieutenant T. W. Hepburn, Highland Light Infantry, attached 15th Battalion, for conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty on September 5th 1918, at the crossing of the Somme. During the night he constructed a gangway on a broken bridge over the marshes under continuous machine-gun fire. He then crossed alone and reconnoitred the east bank of the river, the knowledge he gained resulting in the successful advance on to the ridge over the river by the company which he led. Lieutenant Hepburn is a son of Colonel Hepburn, Orkney Royal Garrison Artillery.

BAR TO MILITARY CROSS
Orcadians will be pleased to learn that Captain T N. F. Hourston, M.C. Argyle and Sutherland Highlanders, son of Mr and Mrs Hourston, Beaquoy Farm, Dounby, has now been awarded a bar to his Military Cross and mentioned in Sir Douglas Haig's New Year despatch. This honour was won during the fierce battle of September 29th - October 2nd crossing the St. Quentin canal near Joncourt.

The Orcadian 20 February 1919 page 4

REGENT STREET AT SCAPA FLOW - A Floating Shop for the Fleet
With the berthing of the steam ship Borodino in the Surrey Commercial Dock on Tuesday last week, it is now possible to make known a story which is without precedent in the history of the British Navy.
In December 1914, Commodore [Cecil] Lambert, the Fourth Sea Lord, conceived the idea that the monotony of life in the Grand Fleet, stationed at Scapa Flow, might be greatly relieved by giving the officers and men opportunities for obtaining the simple luxuries of everyday life, which, naturally, could not be obtained in the remote hamlets of the Orkney Islands. An arrangement was made with the Junior Army and Navy Stores, Lower Regent Street, [London] to take out a floating store, replete with every commodity that was likely to be required.
Officers and men of the Fleet were permitted to come aboard daily between 9 in the morning and 4 in the afternoon. These visits were usually productive of interesting incidents, and they were taken advantage of to an extent that the store was often overcrowded. On one occasion no fewer than 2,700 officers and men came to make purchases, and on another, when the American sailors boarded the SSBorodino in force the day's receipts amounted to £978. This turnover in the four years was at the rate of £10,000 per year.

PRINCE ALBERT'S VISITS
One of the frequent visitors was Prince Albert, and he invariably bought a shirt or collar. When he had made his purchase it was customary for him to say that the articles were for an other officer on board his ship. Prince Albert was a "snotty" with the Grand Fleet - a term which has been used in the Navy for young midshipmen since Nelson's day. Mr Allen, who was the first supervisor, stated that the prince was plain "Mr Johnson" to his companions. Occasionally when in the shopping centre the prince gave his orders in dumb show by putting his hands in his pockets and whistling. This was because the manager once laughingly said to him during a very busy time, "Now then, Johnson, no pilfering; whistle all the time till you're out of the shop, and keep your hands in your pockets till you are asked to pay. While you are whistling you can't eat anything, and you can't pinch anything with your hands in your pockets."

MARCH

The Orcadian 6th March 1919 page 4

LOCAL NEWS - SHIPPING MISHAPS
On Monday night an Admiralty Trawler when coming into Kirkwall collided with the steam fishing trawler R. H. Davidson. The latter vessel which was lying at anchor in the bay at the time, had her port quarter seriously damaged, and the cabin, which is aft, is full of water. The vessel was taken alongside Kirkwall Pier to have temporary repairs effected. A naval launch lying at the entrance to the Basin filled with water during the gale and sank. The launch was raised on Tuesday, but was found to be considerably damaged, owing to the "puffer"Borderglen, alongside which vessel it had been lying, canting over on to it taking the ground at low water.

The Orcadian 13 March 1919 page 4

DISTRICT NEWS - DEERNESS
Influenza is rife in the parish and very few households have escaped. One or other of the doctors from Kirkwall has been in the parish every day for a fortnight, and on one day the services of three medical men were required. From Sunday, 2nd to Saturday 8th inst.[of this month], eight deaths occurred. In several instances whole households have been suffering from the complaint at one time.

APRIL
 
At a meeting of the Stromness Town Council on the 12th April, the Town Clerk wrote:
Letters were submitted of 22nd March and 3rd inst. from the Naval Works Office, Stromness stating that Saw Mills had been vacated by the Air Force and on the subject of replacements required. The Town Clerk was instructed to write stating what was required in the way of reinstatement.
 
Extract from S1/5 Stromness Town Council Minutes 1910-1924
 
MAY
 
The Orcadian 8th May 1919 page 4
 
DISTRICT NEWS - SANDAY - DEMOBILISED SOLDIERS ENTERTAINMENT
All the demobilised soldiers were entertained by the ladies of the island on Friday night, in the Drill Hall. The entertainment, which was very enjoyable, took the form of a tea and dance. Mr Scott, in his address of welcome to the invited guests, spoke warmly of the services they had rendered during the great war, and in very touching words expressed the great debt the country owed to those who had made the supreme sacrifice. Mr Scott was then thanked for his address of welcome, and the soldiers were called on to give three cheers to the ladies of the island. This was responded to in real army fashion. Thereafter dancing was engaged in with great spirit for several hours, excellent refreshments being handed round at intervals.
Altogether it was a most enjoyable evening, and the invited guests take this opportunity of thanking their hostesses for the splendid arrangements they made, and also for their uniform kindness and generosity to the soldiers not only on this occasion, but throughout the long stress and strain. Special thanks are due to the ladies committee, consisting of:- Mrs MacPhail, Mrs Baillie, Misses Sinclair, Burgher, Wilson, Fotheringhame, Clouston, Muir, Moodie, Swanney and Skea. Splendid music was supplied by Messrs James and William Grieve, Melville, Fotheringhame and meil. The excellence of the tea was due to Miss Scott and Mrs Garrioch, and Messrs Fairbairn and Baillie did their upmost to make the entertainment an unqualified success. [Sadly the names of the demobilised soldiers were not listed in this article]
 

The Orcadian 15th May 1919 page 5
 
AMERICANS IN KIRKWALL
Most of the American minesweepers based at Kirkwall proceeded to sea last Saturday morning to commence the work of cleaning up the minefields. On Thursday night the opening concert was given in the YMCA Hut. The first portion of entertainment consisted of a performance by the band of USS Black Hawks, under bandmaster R. W. Wilson. The programme submitted highly delighted the large audience. The jazz band and a portion of the minstrel troupe enlivened the remainder of the evening with their witticisms, humorous songs and catchy music. On Sunday evening the Rev. G. W. Dalgleish, M. A. conducted a service in the YMCA Hut for the Presbyterian sailors of the American Fleet.
 
A further match in the baseball league has been arranged for Saturday afternoon in the Bignold Park. At the close of play, there will be four boxing bouts. Among those who will take part is Johnny Dougherty, a well-known London Professional boxer, now with the K. of C. [possibly the Knights of Columbus]
 
JUNE
 
THE GERMAN HIGH SEAS FLEET INTERNED IN SCAPA FLOW
German Fleet in Scapa Flow taken by Tom Kent Ref: TK4130
 
Extract from book Scapa and a Camera by C W Burrows:
"During the period of their internment, communication between the German ships and our own Fleet was restricted to a minimum, and no one from our own ships was allowed on board the interned vessels unless on duty of an urgent nature. The Germans were required to victual and store their own ships from Germany, coal and water only being supplied locally.
B98 Destroyer used on mail service between Scapa Flow and Germany
Ran aground in the Bay of Lopness, Sanday. Photo by Tom Kent Ref: TK4201
As German warships were not constructed for living aboard for long periods (the sailors being mostly accommodated in barracks when in harbour), the crews at Scapa must have had a rather unenviable time of it, though there was a certain element of poetic justice in interning them in the region where for so long our own Fleet had kept its lonely vigil. As one of their officers remarked in writing home and describing the bleakness and desolation of Scapa: "If the English have stood this for four years, they deserve to have won the war."
The German ships were patrolled by a number of drifters - a somewhat ignominious guard for the much-vaunted German Fleet.
The Germans' love of music was in evidence even at Scapa, and it was somewhat strange and at times rather pathetic to hear the unfamiliar strains of Die Wacht am Rhein and  Die Lorelei rising from the German ships, some which still retained their bands."
 
SCUTTLING - 21st June 1919
Stromness Public School Log Book (Infant School). Ref: CO5/93/5
"21st June: By king permission of the Rear Admiral Commanding Orkney and Shetland, the pupils and teachers were conveyed by HMS Flying Kestrel to view the German Fleet in Scapa Flow.

Image of a tug which may be the Flying Kestrel Ref: L5128/4
They had the unique experience of seeing the Imperial German Ensigns flying at the mastheads, as their crews apparently by general agreement had made up their plans to sink them on this date. The crews were seen in small boats, pinnaces, rafts, etc.
By 4 p.m. only the Baden, a light cruiser ashore on the West of Cava, and the turrets of the Hindenburg were to be seen from the School."

The turrets of the Hindenburg by C. W. Burrows Ref: L9522/3
The Orcadian 26th June 1919 page 4

STROMNESS SCHOOL CHILDREN'S THRILL
On Saturday afternoon, through the courtesy of the ACOS, the teachers and children of the Stromness School were taken through the lines of the German Fleet in the Flying Kestrel. Leaving Stromness about 10:30, they were able to see a good deal of what happened in the course of the day. The Flying Kestrel, after leaving Stromness, called at the battleships Baden, Kaiserin, Kaiser and Konig Albert, and then proceeded to visit the battle cruisers Derflinger, Hindenburg and Seidlitz. When the party reached the Seidlitz, my informant was surprised to notice that great preparations were being made to launch boats.

SIGNS OF EVACUATION
He observed that the crew were collecting large numbers of suit-cases and bags together. This was in the neighbourhood of 11 o'clock. The party went on to visit the destroyers, and there also seemed to be great preparations for a change or swapping of crews. The skipper asked the party of they would like to visit the hospital ships attached to the base. This was done... and the Flying Kestrel began to return to Stromness.

THE FIRST VESSEL SINKS
A drifter which was sailing towards the flagship shouted out that the German ships were sinking themselves. This was hailed with incredulity, but a vessel was suddenly seen to heel over beyond the north point of the island of Cava, turn bottom upwards and disappear. The journey towards home was continued, and the noticeable feature was the display of German Ensigns of the largest size on all the vessels.
German Cruiser SMS Bremse turned turtle. Ref: L6848/1

Pinnaces, small boats and rafts were seen in the water alongside the ships, filled or being filled with men. The ships began to sink deeper in the water, generally settling more quickly by the stern than by the bows. When the water reached the level of the deck at the stern,... the ship generally heeled over and turned bottom upwards. For sometime the hull remained above the surface, with steam pouring through vents in the bottom, but soon the hulls themselves disappeared.
Photo by C. W. Burrows Ref: L951/2

Men guarding sunken boat by Tom Kent Ref: TK4165

The children on board, more especially the younger of them, were greatly excited at the sight of the sinking vessels and the sight of men in the water, and in many cases were reduced to tears.


Land of the Midnight Dim...

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We have a long, dark Winter in Orkney but are rewarded in abundance come Summer time. Our Northerly skies are bright from 4am until 10.30pm and the hours in between are never fully dark.


This long twilight is known as the simmer dim. The sun merely dims and never truly disappears.


The photograph of Kirkwall Harbour below was taken by Tom Kent on the 25th of June at Midnight:










The ability to garden until 10 and go for long evening walks well past tea-time makes up for the fact that, six months from now.. but no. Let us just enjoy the lovely, long nights whilst they last.




UPDATE: Apparently simmer dim is the term used in Shetland. A suggestion of grimleens has been offered, deriving from the Norwegian grimla, - to gleam, shimmer.

Horses and Orange Cats and Rats, Oh My!

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Today's Folklore Thursday theme is animal folklore. We have written about black cat folklore before and today bring you some snippets about fantastic water horses, seals, orange cats and rats (or, to superstitious sailors, ''the cowld-iron chiel'')











Information taken from D31/1/6/20 and D31/1/1/25

Serena! He's Playing Doubles With Serena!

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We usually try to shoe-horn an Andy Murray post in during Wimbledon and worried that it would have to be a poignant lament full of hip-based puns.




But! He's back on the doubles court, not only with Pierre-Hugues Herbert but we've just heard it confirmed he's playing mixed doubles with Serena flippin' Williams!




We warded off our hysteria the only way we know how. We looked out archives with a tenuous link to the momentous occasion:

A plan for DOUBLE cottages for married men, to be built in pairs back to back. Taken from the Lieutenant General Sir Frederick William Traill Burroughs Papers Orkney Archive Reference D19/9/11.






A DOUBLE exposure of Orcadian painter Sylvia Wishart. Orkney Archive Reference D136/47/6.

A story about a DOUBLE set of teeth belonging to John Muir, the Papdale millar. Orkney Archive reference D31/1/3/11.
'They dug up a jaw full of teeth, but all the teeth were double, none of them single. Mr Baikie of Tankerness was there when the jaw was discovered. He said 'this is remarkable; you might look around the world and not find a similar thing'. My Great Grandfather heard him, and said ''Deed Sir, you needna' look that far' Then he opened his mouth and showed Mr Baikie that he himself had complete sets of teeth, but all of them double teeth.

We shall be celebrating this tip-top sports pairing by singing these lyrics to the tune of West Side Story's Maria: Ser-e-na! He's playing doubles with Ser-e-na! and hope that, in turn, Andy and Serena will do the right thing and end every match they play together by pinching microphones from the press box and performing this classic in the middle of the court:






Orkney Pride

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It's London Pride today and so we thought we'd see if we had any rainbow-themed archives to celebrate...




The obvious place to start was with John W. Scott's wonderful book of Orkney and Shetland weather words:


gaa: a fragment of rainbow... a small rainbow in the horizon... a spot or ray of a rainbow colour which appears near the sun, generally in dry windy weather, and which indicates some change in the weather


The word also appears in The Orkney Dictionary by Margaret Flaws and Gregor Lamb:


gaa n. sun-dog, bit of rainbow before or behind the sun.weather-gaa


'A gaa behind ye needno mind,
A gaa afore, lukk for a roar'


Ernest Walker Marwick's papers were the next port of call and they contain a paper written by George Marwick on the subjects of Rainbows, Aurora Borealis, Igasill The Tree of Life and a legendary Stronsay Wedding:


Rainbows foretold the birth of a baby boy. Orkney Archive Reference D31/4/1/2
Our last (tenuous) rainbow themed archive is an excerpt from a 1783 edition of The Morning Post, and Daily Advertiser which briefly reports the Orcadian exploits of a piratical smuggler aboard the Rainbow Cutter:


Orkney Archive reference D1/660/25 [H1]


We Love Words

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We love words in the Orkney Archive, we love discovering words we haven't heard of before and we love words we have heard of but have different meanings. Today we bring you

Pawn

In a recent search for marriages in the Stromness Old Parish Register (Ref: OPR/30/3) on microfilm, we found this phrase from 1740:




"pawn money consigned in the Clerk's hand"

How intriguing, we thought [we're so easily intrigued], why is "pawn" being used in a marriage announcement?

Someone instantly sped to the bookshelves and found The Concise Scots Dictionary, 1991 and looked it up.

The definitions are: "1. pawn, a pledge [so far so normal] 2. pawn, usually in plural a sum of money deposited with the kirk session by a couple as a guarantee of their intention to marry within 40 days and of their chaste conduct in the interval, late 16th - early 19th century. [Aha!] and in the phrase lay doon the pawns: make official notification of one's intention to marry, arrange for the proclamation of banns."

In the Chambers English Dictionary the above definition is not mentioned, but it does say that pawn can also be a peacock, a gallery or covered walkway and [of course] a chess piece.

The full proclamation of marriage is here:






"Dec 4th [1739]Magnus Coupar and Margaret Newgar both in this parish were contracted and pawn money consigned in the Clerk's hand and January 1st 1740 that the said Magnus Coupar and Margaret Newgar were lawfully married and dues payed."


We love words!





A Stack in Time

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Our Palaeography Group is now heading towards its 20th week. We have enjoyed finding out about life in the 17th century from all the documents we have read and transcribed. One in particular stands out in our minds as being a bit unusual. An unlucky Kirkwall resident got more than he bargained for when he tried to bend the rules involving peat stacks. Peat is used as a fuel on Orkney instead of wood.


A cart carrying peat, 1904 photographed by Tom Kent (Ref: TK1153)
It was written in 1686 and is a Supplication by Magnus Moir, a prisoner in the Tolbooth, to the Magistrates of Kirkwall asking for liberty from his confinement for stealing peats.

But from Mr Moir's explanation below you find that he didn't exactly steal peat:
"Unto the much honoured Lord provost ballies and counsell of the brugh (burgh) house of Kirkwall

The humble supplication of your poor distressed prisoner Magnus Moir indweller thair

Sheweth

Broad Street, Kirkwall showing a later tolbooth on the left.
That whair it hath been your ho[nour]s pleasure to incarserat me within your tolbuith (prison) of Kirkwall for my contemning (despising) your authorities in building up of peats upon my stack standing upon the... pier grounds of that pairt of the toune of Kirkwall called the brugh (burgh)  


Extract of original document D10/12/1 transcribed in the paragraph below

Where to your ho[nour]s has now the onlie good and indutable right and in which peat stack I having simplie taken out some peats out of the middle thereof and made up an emptie pleace therein for sheltering therein ane kow (cow) for a nights tyme or tuo (two) to stand until such tyme as she was killed for my necces[a]r[y] mentenance

Yet nevertheless it has pleased your ho[nour]s to look upon this as ane act of great crueltie and highist contempt against your priviledges
A stack of peat, c1900 photographed by Tom Kent (ref: TK2328)

Though before I presume to attempt any such thing either in building peats or utherwayes I demanded libertie from my Lord Dean of Guild and tuo of the present magistrates who gave me libertie for that effect:

And sieng (seeing) it hath been your pleasure not only to impose upon me ane fyne for so doeing But also to punish my person by imprisonment now be the space of tuelve dayes bygone wherethrough I have sustained seickness in my old infirme persone and loss in my household affairs.

Extract of original document D10/12/1 transcribed in the paragraph below


May it therefore please your ho[nour]s to take the hail premiss to your serious consideration and look upon my sadde conditione as a poor Christian doeth deserve and to permit me the libertie of freedome from your tolbuith dureing which space yow shall think fit to the effect I may care for and look after the sadde conditione that my starving wyff and famillie at home 

Extract of original document D10/12/1 transcribed in the paragraph below

I being most willing for my liberation to find good and suffitient cautione actit in your ho[nour]s toune court book not onlie to re-enter to persone againe when ye shall appoynt But also to be lyable in payment and satisfactione of what soumes (sums) your ho[nour]s shall think fitt to impos upon me for my presumptowows (presumptuous) contemning (despising) your auth[orties] in maner foresaid And for all uther causes and esceaps I shall be found guiltie off in tyme by gone and your ho[nour]s answer is humblie beggit and craved with your best convenience by your supplicants poor petitioner who shall ever pray.

Magnus Moir

*****************************************************
Extract from the original document D10/12/2 transcribed in the paragraph below.

Kirkwall the seventeen day of Nov[embe]r 1686

The magistrates and counsell haveing taken [the] thereafter written supplicatione to their consideration they ordanes him to pay this day to the thesaurer (treasurer) of the brugh (burgh) tuentie pounds Scotts money."

It must have been a very large stack of peats to hollow out for a cow for a couple of nights. But then a stack built on the pier could have been made up of tax paid in kind by the tenants of Orkney to the magistrates of Kirkwall and used to fuel the fires of the residents of Kirkwall.

In the Kirkwall Town Council minutes of 19th January 1687 is the following statement:

"1T.viH Four scoir six yeirs (1686 years), qch (which) recept is daittit (dated) the twentie day of No[vembe]r last past, at the qlk tyme that sowme with the twentie pounds mo[n[ey fors[ai]d produceit be Thomas Brown qch he receaved from Mags Moir for his fine"

So Magnus Moir paid his fine 3 days later, and presumably gained his release from the Tolbooth (prison).

It is great to be able to decipher this old faded document and share it with a new audience. Let us know what you think in the comments below.

Sources used:
D10/12/2 - 1686: Supplication by Magnus Moir (Collected by James Tait, cabinetmaker); Original (K1/1/3) and book (2285924) - Kirkwall Town Council minutes transcribed by Morris Pottinger. Picture of Broad Street, c 1780 from book Kirkwall in the Orkneys by B H Hossack, 1900. Photos by Tom Kent: TK1153 and TK2328

Wild Orkney

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Today's Folklore Thursday theme is 'wild men, wild women, wild places.'


One wild place in Orkney is the island of Swona.


Swona is an island situated in the Pentland Firth, south of Orkney and to the West of South Ronaldsay. It is often confused with Stroma which is further South and therefore seen as part of Caithness.



This island has been uninhabited since 1974 when batchelor Jim Rosie left and there were only ever about 8 houses on the island. Its position in the Pentland Firth means that it is not easily accessible and therefore it is rarely visited.

People who have made the trip have returned with descriptions of houses left as if the occupants had meant to return moments later. Pictures are still on the walls and the tables are set for tea.


The only inhabitants are a herd of beef cattle which are now feral and have become a seperate species. Apparently, these cattle forage for seaweed and move around the island in one unit like a scary cow gang. As somone who is already scared of cows, I have made a mental note to never visit this island.


As for wild men and women, the amphibious, shape-shifting Finfolk were said to live in Finfolkaheem, described variously as either a vanishing island, a city at the bottom of the sea, or perhaps the island of Eynhallow.

'The sand of that country was gold dust, its palaces, built of coral and crystal and adorned with pearls and precious stones, shone like stars in the weird light of that magic land; all furniture and utensils were silver and gold; the halls were hung with gorgeous curtains, the colours of which were like the aurora borealis in most brilliant coruscations.'

Sanday man Arthur Deerness was apparently dragged down to this magical submarine land and enchanted by a mermaid named Auga. He forgot all about his family, home and fiancé Clara Peace.

Clara was distraught at his appearance and the local speywife, Marion of Grindalay determined to help her. Locking herself away for the night, Marion emerged in the morning looking spent yet cheerful.

Meanwhile, Arthur's first night in Finfolkaheem had been full of rich foods, fine wines and the bed of Auga. The only irritation had been a black cat which stole some food, spilt his wine and came between him and his mermaid bride in their matrimonial bed. The cat later appeared whilst the couple sat together and, grabbing Arthur's finger, traced a cross on Auga's brow.

The enchantment was instantly broken and Arthur found himself on the rocks at Hamaness, the exact spot he'd disappeared from, free to return to Clara's waiting arms.

Image of Swona's feral cattle taken from article Feral Cattle of Swona, Orkney Islands, by S. J. G. Hall and G. F. Moore.

Finfolkaheem story taken from Walter Traill Dennison's Orkney Folklore and Traditions and information on Fin Folk taken from The Folklore of Orkney and Shetland by Ernest W. Marwick.

Harvest Home

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It is harvest time in Orkney and the fields are full of beautiful, golden bundles. Gardeners are gathering up their vegetables and children will soon be piling up cans of soup and beans for their Harvest assemblies.




In celebration, we bring you an excerpt from Ernest Walker Marwick's The Lore of the Harvest which discusses the straw 'bikko' dog made from the straw in the last field. Below is an example of said 'bikko'.


We also found a J. Omond photo of some Orphir schoolgirls gathering peas, the sadly ruined harvest of 1909 (another Omond image) and a lovely harvest tea-break or 'half yoke'.




For more Orcadian harvest lore, click here.







The dreaded straw bikko - ultimate insult to a harvesting farmer.
Click to enlarge





Picking peas in Orphir.




Snow ruined the Harvest of 1909.


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A well-earned break.






Orkney Witchcraft Trial Source Books and Archives

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The archive sources listed below are from the collections of Orkney historians and archivists of the past. Without the dedication of these people, the following items would not have been saved.  
The published sources in the Orkney Room have been collected for this room by all our Librarians of the past and present. Many thanks to them too.
We owe all of these people a huge debt of gratitude. All archive and published sources are available to see in the Orkney Library and Archive.

Orkney Council Records Collection (Reference CO1)

An entry in the Commissioners of Supply minute book of 1669. The Commissioners of Supply were first established in 1667 for collecting the cess or national land tax. The commissioners were landowners charged with collecting the tax from their fellow landowners. But they also acquired duties which ranged beyond the collection of land tax and with the justices of the peace were responsible for county roads, bridges and ferries.
CO1/1/1 - Orkney Commissioners of Supply minute book, 1660-1678 

Item 6 on the above page reads:
"to procure a warrand from the Counsill to the Justicia and Justices of his Maj[es]ties Pease; for putting pf Witches and Incestuous persons to a Triall."
Item 6

Ernest Walker Marwick Collection (Reference D31)

Ernest W Marwick (1915-1977), was an author, journalist, broadcaster, historian and folklorist. He researched and collected a large amount of information on those who were accused of witchcraft in Orkney. Here is an image summing up his findings in a single page.

Summary Sheet (Reference: D31/4/3)
His subsequent article Northern Witches was published in the book "An Orkney Anthology" in 1981 and is available to see in the Orkney Room under reference 800 Y MAR

Cover of "An Orkney Anthology"
Beginning of article Northern Witches from pages 333-383 in An Orkney Anthology

About book and the author
A scribbled note from the Ernest Marwick Collection refers to Peterkin's Rentals of Orkney which lists some women as witches in the rental of 1595. This book can be seen in the Orkney Room under reference number  333 Y. The last one in the list says "Jonet of Cara quha was brunt for witchcraft" (Janet of Cara who was burnt for witchcraft).
Extract from EWM Collection Ref: D31/52/6/2

Extracted references from
Peterkin's Rental 1595
A list typed by Ernest Marwick of 8 questions put to Barbara Boundie led me to the original Orkney Presbytery minute book entry of 1643 in which all ten questions put to her can be read. The handwriting shown in this presbytery book on page 256 is surprisingly legible for the time period.

Typed list of questions (Reference: D31/1/5/15)

Original presbytery minute book (Reference: OCR/4/1)

Albert Thomson's Collection (D66)
Albert Thomson was curator of St Magnus Cathedral for 32 years from 1946 until his retirement in 1978. His collection are those collected by him and notes made by him. This is a single page original document of a woman accused of witchcraft in 1679.
Evidence from John Mowatt and John Flett against Margaret Sclater,
accusing her of witchcraft, Firth Parish 1679. (Ref: D66/1/19)
This is a transcription presumably by Mr Thomson himself. (Ref: D66/1/19)
 Published Sources in the Orkney Room
 
Abbotsford Club Miscellany Trials for Witchcraft, Sorcery and Superstition in Orkney contains:
The trial of Marable Couper for witchcraft, sorcery and superstition, 1624
The trial of Annie Tailzeour [Taylor] alias Rwna Rowa for witchcraft, sorcery and superstition, 1624
Examination of the Charges of Witchcraft and Sorcery against Marione Richart or Layland before the Kirk Session of Sanday, 1633. The trial of Marione Richart, alias Layland for witchcraft, sorcery and divination, 1633.
The trial of Katherine Craigie, alias Estquoy, for witchcraft, sorcery and superstition, 1640. Second trial of Katherine Craigie, 1643.
[Orkney Room Reference 133.4Y]

Orkney Sheriff Court Records [SC11]
The Sheriff was a royal official appointed to help the monarch establish control in the localities. Sheriff performed a wide variety of duties, administrative, financial, military as well as judicial. Judicially, the sheriffs dealt with both civil and criminal cases and appeals as well as first time cases. Our collection is held in the Orkney Archive under Charge and Superintendence from the National Records of Scotland.

Civil Court Processes [SC11/5]

SC11/5/1646/010 - Janet/Jonet Rendall in Vigga. Indicted for Witchcraft in 1646
SC11/5/1646/010 Trial of Janet Rendall page 1

SC11/5/1646/010 Trial of Janet Rendall page 2

SC11/5/1646/010 Trial of Janet Rendall page 3
The trial of Janet/Jonet Rendall in Vigga, Holm is catalogued as part of the Civil Court Processes Collection. Unfortunately a transcription for this document is not in the Orkney Archive collections. It is also extremely fragile.
SC11/79 Miscellanea - Transcripts of documents deposited in H. M. Register House (Now National Records of Scotland) by George H. M. Thoms, Sheriff of Orkney and Shetland from 1870-1903.

SC11/79/1 - In this book is a complete transcript of Katherine Grieve's trial from 1633 and also the trial of Janet Rigga from 1629 (first three pages shown below).

SC11/79/1 - Trial of Janet Rigga page 271

SC11/79/1 - Trial of Janet Rigga page 272

SC11/79/1 - Trial of Janet Rigga page 273
Joseph Storer Clouston Collection [D23]
J. Storer Cluston OBE, FSA Scot, JP 1870-1944, was a novelist, historian, antiquarian and chairman of the Orkney Antiquarian Society. He wrote "A History of Orkney" in 1932.
D23/14/8 - Indictment for "witchcraft, sorcerie and divining" of Helen Isbister, vagabond, 1635. There is no transcription available for this document in the Orkney Archive. It is written in Secretary Script which uses difference letter forms than we use now. A useful source for learning to read this script is the Scottish Handwriting website.
D23/14/8 - Indictment of Helen Isbister, page 1

D23/4/8 - Indictment for Helen Isbister, page 2

D23/14/8 - Indictment for Helen Isbister, page 3
John Mooney Collection [D49]
John Mooney, 1862-1950, was a reporter on the 'Orkney and Shetland Telegraph' for a brief time, then in 1884 joined R. Garden Ltd, general merchant. He was a keen historian and a founder member of the Orkney Antiquarian Society. He published various publications concerning the history of Orkney.

D49/3/12 - A reference in John Mooney's collection leads to a single page entry in the 1913 Peace's Almanac regarding Katherine Grieve.



D49/3/12 Katherine Grieve, an Evie Witch p152-153
A set of Peace's Almanacs from 1868-1940 is available to see in the Orkney Room stored with the Periodicals under reference 914.1 YZ.
 
Published Sources in the Orkney Room
 
County Folklore Volume III - Orkney and Shetland Islands - Contains the Trial of Janet Forsyth accused of witchcraft. [Orkney Room Reference 390 YZ]
 
Witch Stories - A collection of stories about witches and witchcraft in Scotland. Contains references to Orkney witches Margaret Balfour, Alison Balfour, Katherine Grant, Marion Richart, Elspeth Cursiter, Janet Rendall, Janet Forsyth, Katherine Grieve, John Sinclair, Bessie Skebister, Catherine Craigie, James Knarston, Marion Comloquoy and Catherine Taylor. [Orkney Room Reference 398]
 
The Darker Superstitions of Scotland - includes many references to Orkney witches and witchcraft. Alison Balfour, Margaret Balfour, Katherine Bigland, Katherine Caray, David Comloquoy, Marion Comloquoy, Thomas Corse, Marable Couper, Katherine Craigie, Elspeth Cursiter, James Daill, John Faw, Janet Forsyth, Christian Gow, Katherine Grant, William Gude, James Hourston, Helen Hunter, Janet Irving, Helen Isbister, Alexander Knarston, Cirstane Leask, Oliver Leask, Magnus Linay, Christian Marwick, John Master, Katherine Miller, Janet Rendall, Elspeth Reoch, Marion Richart, Margaret Sandison, Geillis Sclater, Agnes Scottie, William Scottie, Isobel Sinclair, Janet Sinclair, John Sinclair, Bessie Skebister, Annie Taylor, Janet Thomson, Agnes Tulloch and Helen Wallis. [Orkney Room Reference 398]

Other Published Sources in the Orkney Room
 
133.4: General Scottish books
which mention Orkney witches and witchcraft trials
 
133.4 Y: Specific Orkney books
which are mainly about Orkney witches and witchcraft trials.
 
398 and 390 YZ: Folklore books which include stories
about Orkney and Shetland witches.


This is a selection of the sources available on this subject, not our complete list, but hopefully it gives you an idea of what we have.
 
This list was requested by the group dedicated to unveiling a memorial to the victims of the Orkney witchcraft trials. On 30 October 2018 they held a creative day to gather items to add to a time capsule which was to be buried underneath the memorial. On 9th March 2019 they successfully unveiled the memorial at Gallowha in Kirkwall where many of the victims were executed. More information can be found here.
 

20 Days of Orkney Trees #1

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Oh we love advent readers!
We love it!
We LOVE it!


This year, we bring you 20 Days of Orkney Trees. Every day until Christmas (except Sundays), we shall prove that, contrary to popular believe, Orkney DOES have trees. Like, at least 5 or so?


The Orkney Isles (with the exception of hilly Hoy), are relatively flat with both wind and rabbits proving a challenge to hopeful tree-planters but, as you shall see, there are many wonderful sylvan corners; some ancient, some Victorian and a great many newer additions.


We just have to start with one tree. THE tree of Kirkwall, known by all as 'The Big Tree'.









The photo above was taken by Tom Kent and shows that the large Sycamore stands right in the middle of the shopping street. It had originally been part of a walled garden as can be seen below...




...and when the wall was removed, the tree stayed.


The Big Tree protected by a cage.




Over the years, there has been much discussion of this hardy plant and it has been threatened with destruction many times. Indeed, its obituary has already been written by Ernest Walker Marwick:





Click to enlarge











 In 1875, T. H. Slater demanded that the council prune the branches on his premises' side 'to avoid litigation and by way of compromise'. The council agreed:



As recently as 1987, there was a council meeting held to discuss it's removal but a decision was reached to pollard it instead. The Big Tree still stands in Albert Street, Kirkwall, having outlived the author of its obituary by over 40 years. There is a large metal pole through it's trunk, but it still stands tall and surely contributed to the High Street winning the 'most beautiful in Scotland' accolade last month: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-50521432

Information taken from Kirkwall Town Council minutes dated 3/2/1875,
Orkney Archive reference D31/73/1and
Orkney County Council minutes dated 6/10/1987.


20 Days of Orkney Trees #2

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Yesterday, we wrote about Kirkwall's Big Tree and today we shall tell you about another important Kirkwall tree.


Every year, a tree is cut down in Bringsværd Forest, near Grimstad in Norway, and is brought to Kirkwall Cathedral as a symbol of friendship between the two towns.






This tradition began in 1987:


Orcadian 12th November 1987








Saint Magnus Cathedral was founded by Kali Kalason, later to become Rognvald, nephew of St Magnus. Young Kali grew up in Norway and perhaps played in the woods which would later provide Kirkwall with our Christmas 'big tree'.

I want you to make a vow... you'll build a stone minster at Kirkwall more magnificent than any in Orkney, that you'll have it dedicated to your Uncle the holy Earl Magnus and provide it with all the funds it will need to flourish.

St Rognvald's father, Kol Kalasan to his son in the Orkneyinga Saga



and you can see Orkney Islands Council convener Harvey Johnston cutting down this year's tree here: https://theorkneynews.scot/2019/11/12/orkney-norway-friendship-marked-with-2019-christmas-tree-cutting-in-bringsvaerd-forest/ (Mr Johnston does somewhat undermine the whole thrust of our advent theme by saying 'Orkney has no trees' in the article. Grrrrrrrr.)

Information taken from Orkney-An Illustrated Architectural Guide and an article in edition #73 of Living Orkney, both by Leslie Burgher.


20 Days of Orkney Trees #3

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Our last post was about the Norwegian gift of a tree which graces Kirkwall's Cathedral every Christmas. The tradition originally began in 1987, the year of St Magnus Cathedral's 850th anniversary.


50 years previous to this, some trees were planted in the Willowburn area of the town to commemorate the building's Ocotocentenary:




Anyone familiar with the Willows wood will be surprised to see them in such a sparse state. Now, the burn is surrounded by mature trees, many of which are home to crows and surrounded by flowers in the Springtime.


This photo, taken by Dougie Shearer in the early 1980s, shows how full the trees became. Many are sycamores, like the Big Tree of Albert Street.





These aerial photographs, also by Dougie Shearer, show how many leafy tree tops were bubbling up between Kirkwall's buildings by the latter part of the 20th Century:






20 Days of Orkney Trees #4

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Our last post showed an image of trees being planted for St Magnus Cathedral's Octocentenary. Eagle-eyed readers will have noticed some trees already in the background of the photos.

We found these earlier, rather fabulous, images of Provost Slater and other dignitaries planting trees in their full Council regalia and we thoroughly approve.








Any captions for these photos will be heartily welcolmed and added to this post and we may even send a sweetie (possibly pre-licked) to the reader who makes us laugh the most.

We do not have a definitive date for these photographs but they must pre-date 1936 as they were taken by Tom Kent and they probably date post 1925 as that is when John M. Slater became Provost of Kirkwall.

But what about the trees in the background of these images???? We have also found some articles from the Orkney Herald newspaper discussing trees in the Willows in 1922:





20 Days of Orkney Trees #5

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An older archive today, which illustrates how important trees can be for shelter...


click to enlarge
In 1769, three men were taken to Kirkwall Sheriff Court by Robert Grahame of the Breckness Estate, Skaill, for the 'pulling of Bent or Broom or Juniper' which were 'the natural fence of the adjacent countree (sic) to the said hills'


It was alleged that George Moar, Thomas Linklater and James Hackland, all servants to local landowners, 'did upon the 8th day of June... go to the said hill and there cut and destroyed the surface or scree of the said hill with (?) or hoes, spades or other instruments.'


Without the protection of the juniper fence, Robert Grahame was worried about sand from the nearby bay of Skaill being blown across his lands. He was seeking £5 in damages and a further £5 in legal costs from each defendant. That was a lot of money in those days.


George, Thomas and James did not deny the crime and had to pay 10 shillings each in legal costs. They also had to spend 3 days in Kirkwall tollbooth, i.e., the town JAIL.


This sentence was hung upon the door of the local church so that 'no-one (could) pretend ignorance.'


Crumbs.



The sentence.


There is no mention of what the men took the juniper for. The tree is known in Scottish folklore for warding off devils and witches, but you can also make gin from it. You can also carve it or burn it to smoke food.

Archive Reference: SC11/5/1769/7
Information taken from the Woodland Trust website.



20 Days Of Orkney Trees #6

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Like much of Britain, Orkney used to have far more trees. It is thought that the islands were covered in woodlands but, around 5000 years ago, they began to disappear. Two things happened at around the same time; climate change leading to stronger winds and human Neolithic inhabitants.




Whether the trees and shrubs of Orkney were too battered by the strong, sea winds, or chopped down for fuel or gnawed by domesticated, grazing animals, the woodlands disappeared.




So how do we know they were there in the first place? Because they are still here. Orcadian naturalists discovered this awhile ago:






'...it is observable in many places, even under the flat sea-beech, where the storms or other accidents wash off the gravel or sand, that black peat-moss, stuck through with trees, seems to have been the original soil. Sometimes a whole tree has been found, and the smallest fibre so strong as to bear lifting. And in a peat-moss in Deerness, at the depth of four feet, roots of trees and hazelnuts have been dug up, the nuts quite entire. This would seem to indicate, that the country was not formerly as it is now.'




(St Andrews and Deerness parish entry in the Statistical Account of Scotland 1791-1799)






'There are a number of sunken sea beaches in Orkney where roots of trees are found in situ below the water mark'

'They had been laid bare by a Westerly gale but were still embedded in hard, black peaty substance below the sea'

(letters written to Old-Lore Miscellany IV, 1912)


'On the west coast of the Mainland of Orkney, about midway between Hoy mouth and the Westray Frith lies the Bay of Skaill... Mr Watt of Skaill, discovered, during the ebb, what was apparently a peat-moss, about an acre in extent. Partly embedded, and lying on the surface of this moss, in a horizontal position, were the stems of several small trees about 10 feet in length, and from 5 to 6 inches in diameter. They were in a very decayed state; but a piece of one of them was so fresh, that Mr Watt was able to ascertain it to be some kind of fir.'


(Notice Regarding the Submarine Remains of a Grove of Fir Trees in Orkney, Edinburgh Philiosophical Journal 1820.)



'We first dig through a layer of sand, from one to two feet in depth, and then reach a bed of moss, in which the decaying skeletons of trees lie in every conceivable position. It is a melancholy sight to look into the open grave of what had at one time been an umbrageous forest, blooming in all the sylvan beauty of stately trunk, spreading bough, and green leaves, where beasts roamed and fair birds sang.'


(The Encroachment of the Sea - paper read to the Orkney Natural History Society in 1893. by Walter Traill Dennison)




'I stood six feet down and heaved out the buried past of the earth. It was cold, as if the last of the ice-age lingered; and here were leaves in a perfect state of preservation, autumn-tinted, veined and with stems attached; tiny red seeds, and one lovely green glinting thing that could have been an insect wing-case or a scrap of alien flora. The peat broke across at the leaf-layer, and right at the bottom, bedded in the blue boulder-clay, were tree branches and twigs.'


Bessie Skea in A Countrywoman's Calendar, 1962


When organic matter is squished down into soggy, anaerobic conditions, peat is formed. Much of Orkney is covered by thick layers of peat and, in the absence of timber to burn, this was often used as a fuel.


Cutting peats.









Carrying peats














Peat is a kind of natural archive, preserving layers of pollen, organic matter and evidence of climatic conditions. The pollen found in Orkney peat suggests the presence of wide areas of woodland scrub after the Ice Age. Trees like aspen, downy birch, rowan, hazel, juniper and willow thrived alongside roses and honeysuckle shrubs.


So if you are ever stepping across a springy peat bank just think, you could be walking over ancient, submerged forests.

Scientists are still examining these marine woodlands as you can see here: https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle-2-15039/archaeologists-survey-scotland-s-forests-under-the-sea-1-4672611


Information taken from:

Growth in Britain's Most Northerly Wood by Chapman and Crawford, 1981
The Encroachment of the Sea by Walter Traill Dennison
Old-Lore Miscellany Volume IV
The Statistical Account of Scotland 1791-1799

20 Days of Orkney Trees #7

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In 2003, Orkney tree planting expert Jenny Taylor was asked about the then make-up of woodlands in Orkney. She gave the overall area of 105 hectares which was accounted for by 10 hectares of native woodland, 18 acres planted by the forestry commission in in the 1950s, 5 hectares planted on Flotta, 25 recently planted hectares and 47 hectares of woodlands planted pre-1920s around big estate houses such as Binscarth, Crantit, Papdale and others.


Binscarth woods is perhaps the most noticeable of these Victorian-era plantations. It is thought that the trees, which are visible from the Kirkwall to Stromness road in the parish of Firth, were planted soon after the building of Binscarth house in 1850 by the farm's factor, Robert Scarth. The woodland was used for entertaining and leisure. Servants who worked at the house have told researchers about having to carry every single piece of a silver tea set into the woods so that the gentlefolk could have tea under the trees.


This section of 1882 Ordnance Survey map shows the spread of the woods by that date:






The picture at the head of this post was taken in the 1920s and was found in an album of photographs which were found in a skip! (A skip!) Thankfully, a passer-by fished it out and brought it to the photographic department to be lovingly copied and catalogued.


In 1952, the Orcadian dated 17th January tells us that hundreds of Binscarth trees were uprooted by the fierce storm of that year and the final number has been suggested to be 2,000. The next week's edition showed some of the damage:



The woods have been added to since by great, great grandson of Robert Scarth, Major Malcolm Macrae, who planted 2,500 trees in 1990 and a further 'shelter belt' in 1995. Tree varieties include sycamore, Swedish whitebeam, Sitka spruce, mountain ash (rowan) and larch.

The woodlands are no longer just for the use of the owners and are frequented by walkers, naturalists and school groups who greatly enjoy exploring the now well-established trees.

'Immediately a new world of green gloom received us, different to anything else in the islands. We were moving now through an intimate sylvan world, and the sense of space and light felt elsewhere in Orkney, was lost. But this new green world was not hostile. Rather the contrary. The brutality of nature, the vast forces of energy and ruthlessness which can be felt even on a peaceful afternoon at the top of a sea crag, were in this woodland muted and softened to a delicate gentle beauty. It was a world of silence and soft whisperings. The same kind of sacred gloom pervades the interior of St Magnus Cathedral'

Binscarth Wood by George Mackay Brown - Taken from Northern Lights, A Poet's Sources

 


Information taken from:


Orkney's Growing Green by Alan Hodge, Living Orkney #9
Orcadian newspaper.
Orkney Archive Reference D70/2/3 The History of Tree Plantations in Firth, Marie Sinclair
Orkney Archive Reference D70/7/16 A Brief History of Orkney’s Trees.  Alex Pendry.
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